英专

连词：1. 并列连词 ① 表示并列关系： and ， not only... but also..., both...and..., neither...nor... ② 表示转折关系：but，yet，while ③ 表示因果关系：for ④ 表示选择关系：or， either... or... (1) both ... and... Both New York and London have traffic problems. Both teaching work and research work are making great progress. (2) not only...but also... It is necessary not only to make a good decision but also to make a good choice. Not only you but also Lily is to blame for this accident. Not only can Jane play the piano wonderfully, but also she can dance very well. not only...but also ... 连接并列分句时，如果not only 放在句首，它所在的分句用部分倒装。（3）neither...nor... 谓语动词就近一致 Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question. （4）either...or... Either his parents or his uncle is going to Hong Kong. （5）so...that... such...that... 如此...以至于... ① so...that... so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that 从句so + many/much/few/little + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 + that 从句 ② such...that... such a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that 从句 such + （形容词+）可数名词复数 + that 从句such + （形容词+）不可数名词 + that 从句名词1. 名词的分类 （1）普通名词：可数名词、不可数名词 （2）专有名词： 人名、地名、江河湖泊海洋、the Yellow River ，书名，标题，机构，月份，星期，节日可数名词：考点：（1）名词变复数

（2）单复数同形的词a. 某些动物的名称：sheep，bison，deer b. craft : spacecraft, aircraft, hovercraft c. 某国人：Chinese，Japanese，Vietnamese，Lebanese，Swissd. 重点考查：means，crossroads，headquarters，series，species 不可数名词 可以与a/an 连用，表示一类人或事 a danger a failure a joy a surprise 名词重点考查：词义辨析名词的所有格 (1) -’s 所有格 Bob's sister teachers’ reading room(2) of 的所有格 名词+of+名词 the window of the house the advice of my parents 冠词 a/an the1. 不定冠词 a/an a 用于辅音因素前，an 用于元音因素前 an honest boy 下列情况使用不定冠词 ① 表示“一”的概念 He is a friend of mine. ② 泛指某一个人或某一个事物 Kate was born in a small town. ③ 表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍 I want to be an engineer after graduation. ④ 表示同类中的任何一个

A boy is usually taller than a girl of his age. ⑤ 表示相同，同一 The two stocking are of a size, but of different colors.2. 定冠词 the下列情况使用定冠词the ① 表示特定的人或物 Do you know the man standing at the school gate? Have you got the letters I sent you? ② 与某些表示国籍的形容词连用，指这个国家的全体人员 Most of the British are conservative. The Chinese eat with chopsticks. ③ 与自然界中独一无二的事物连用 the sun the earth the moon the North Pole ④ 与日常生活中大家都熟悉的事物连用 People have been complaining about the traffic. ⑤ 与某些专有名词连用，如表示江河、海洋、海峡、海湾、山脉、群岛、国家、组织、机构、学校、报纸、杂志等 the Yellow River，the Arctic Ocean，the English Channel，the Tianshan Mountains; the US; the PRC; the Middle East; the University of Cambridge; the Wall Street Journal 日报，学术期刊

用于姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或夫妇俩 the Smiths ⑦用于表示世纪或年代的词前 He was born in Beijing in the 1990’s. The war broke out in the sixties. ⑧ 用于最高级前 ⑨ 用于序数词前 ⑩ the + 形容词，表示一类人 the poor the young the elderly （11）用于西洋乐器前 the guitar the piano （12）用于“by the + 计量单位名词” by the pound by the yard 3. 零冠词 （1）物质名词表示泛指Plastic is hard to break up. （2）抽象名词前Music is a universal language which can bring people pleasure. (3) 表示人名，国名，和词首为Mount 的山We are going to climb Mount Tai tomorrow. (4) 在dawn，daybreak， dusk， sunrise， noon， midday，sunset， midnight

（5）表示三餐，球类运动的名词前 have dinner play football （6）在表示学科，语言的名词前 We are going to take up chemistry this semester. Japanese has many links to Chinese. 形容词和副词1. 形容词 （1）形容词的句法功能 （2）形容词的位置 ① 一般放在被修饰词前作前置定语 ② 多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的排列顺序 限定词-数量词-性质-状态-大小、长短、高低-形状-新旧-颜色-国籍-材料-用途-名词his new black foreign small car his small new black foreign car 2. 副词 （1）副词的句法功能状语：动作发生的状态，用来修饰动词He said happily. 高兴地 John completely ignored all the facts.Luckily, he finished his task.

（2）副词的位置 ① 时间副词，放在句首或句末 The accident happened yesterday. ② 地点副词，通常放在句末 Don't sit there. ③ 程度副词 修饰动词时，一般位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后 I can hardly believe he stole my money. ④ 方式副词：一般放在动词的后面 The boy walked quietly out of the room. ⑤ 多个不同种类的副词的排列顺序 状态副词-程度副词-方式副词-地点-时间 They are playing games quite happily there now. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 原级、比较级、最高级1. 形容词、副词的原级 重点句式：用形容词、副词的原级表示A、B二者之间的对比 （1）A ... as + 原级 + as B A和B 一样... Lily is as tall as Lucy. John runs as fast as Tom. (2) A ... not as (so) + 原级 + as B A 不如B...

He is not as(so) clever as her. Tom didn’t draw the picture as(so) well as me. 形容词副词的比较级和最高级1. 如何将形容词、副词的原级变为比较级和最高级（1）规则变化 ① 单音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，在原级后直接加-er，-est tall [tɔːl] - taller - tallest straight [streɪt] - straighter - straightest strong - stronger - strongest few - fewer - fewest fast - faster - fastest② 以-e结尾的单音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，在原级后直接加 -r，-st。 large - larger - largest③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，变y为i，然后加-er，-est happy -- happier - happiest heavy -- heavier --heaviest 注意：1. 以元音字母加y结尾的词，词尾直接加 -er，-est grey - greyer - greyest 2. 以形容词+ly 变过来的副词，其比较级、最高级在其前面加more，most

slowly - more slowly - most slowly ④ 双写最后一个字母加-er，-est big - bigger - biggest hot - hotter - hottest thin - thinner -thinnest fat -fatter - fattest wet - wetter -wettest ⑤ 大多数双音节、多音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，在原级前加 more，most serious [ˈsɪəriəs] - more serious - most serious difficult - more difficult - most difficult important - more important - most important 注意：双音节、多音节形容词、副词前如果加less，least 表示“较不，最不” important - less important - least important difficult - less difficult - least difficult （2）不规则变化 good/well - better - best bad/badly/ill- worse - worst much/many-more-most little-less-least far - farther - farthest 距离上的- further - furthest 程度上的 further improvement

further education old - older - oldest 年龄，旧 - elder - eldest 家庭成员的长幼，不与than 连用，只修饰名词 elder brother eldest brother younger brother 3. 形容词、副词比较级的用法 （1）表示两者之间的对比 主语 + 谓语 + 形容词/副词的比较级 + than + 对比成分 Lily is taller than Lucy. The meeting is more important than that one. (2) The + 比较级，the + 比较级 越...，越... The bigger the bottle is, the more water it will hold. (3) 比较级 + and + 比较级 taller and taller more and more + 原级 more and more serious 越来越... The weather is getting colder and colder. The problem is becoming more and more difficult. （4）the + 比较级 + of the two He is the taller of the two students. (5) 比较级前可用表示数量或程度的副词修饰，常用的有 much,even,far,too, no, a little, a bit, still, a lot... He felt no/ a little/ a lot better today

注意：比较级不能用very 和 quite 来修饰的4. 形容词、副词的最高级用法 结构： the + 最高级 She is the cleverest. He ran (the) fastest yesterday. 特殊用法：（1）much too, too much, too many ① much too 修饰形容词或副词，表示“太，非常”I think the milk is much too hot for the baby.He walks much too fast. ② too much 修饰不可数名词，too many 修饰可数名词复数，太多There is too much housework to do every day.There are too many students in the supermarket today. （2） 与more than 和 less than 有关的表达 ① more than 多余，超过 ② more than = very 很，非常He was more than angry at the news. ③ more than 不仅He is more than a policeman. ④ more...than... 与其说...不如说...

That girl is more tired than hungry. ⑤ not more than no more than not more than = at most 至多，不超过There are not more than six people on the bus. no more than = only 仅仅There are no more than six people on the bus. ⑥ less than no less than 多达，不少于 The prize was no less than 2 million dollars. ⑦ not + 比较级 + than 不如...Tom is not cleverer than John. no + 比较级 + than 两者都不Tom is no cleverer than John.其他形式表示比较 ① be senior to 比...年龄大 I am five years senior to Jane. ② be junior to 比...年轻 Jane is five years junior to me. ③ be superior to 比...好 = be better than This computer is superior to the one you bought. ④ be inferior to 比...差 = be wors

倍数的表达方式1. ......倍数 + 形容词（副词）的比较级 + than This rope is twice longer than that one. This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. The car runs twice faster than that truck. 2. ......倍数 + as + 形容词（或much）/副词 + as ... Asia is four times as large as Europe. This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 3. ......倍数 + the size/length/height... of + 对比名词 This street is four times the length of that street. This hill is four times the height of that small one. 4. ... 倍数 + that of 对比成分 Their grain output is now three times that of 1980.虚拟语气在非真实条件句（if 引导的）中的使用非真实条件句，也称虚拟条件句，即所表示的假设是不可能发生的，从句和主句皆使用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气主句：主语+should/would/could/might + 动词原形，从句：if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 （be---were）

If she managed to live in Beijing all by himself, I could learn to be independent. 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气主句：主语 + should/would/could/might + have + 过去分词从句：if + 主语 + had + 过去分词 If you had joined the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about. 3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气主句：主语+ should/would/could/might + 动词原形从句：主语+ ① if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 ② if + 主语 + were to + 动词原形 ③ if + 主语 + should + 动词原形 If it were to snow tomorrow, they wouldn’t go on an outing. If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 混合时间虚拟语气 If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.

你们有没有过讲这些重点会的人但是题却怎么做都做不好的情况吗？